ŠåōåšąņĮąš.šó: | Ćėąāķą’ | Źąšņą ńąéņą | Ńļšąāźą
Ąķąėčē č óļšąāėåķčå ōčķąķńīāūõ ąźņčāīā źīģģåš÷åńźčõ įąķźīā ŠĄ. Šåōåšąņ.

Šąēäåėū: Ąķąėčē č äčąćķīńņčźą ōčķąķńīāī-õīē’éńņāåķķīé äå’ņåėüķīńņč ļšåäļšč’ņč’ | Ēąźąēąņü šåōåšąņ, äčļėīģ

Ļīėķīņåźńņīāūé ļīčńź:




     Ńņšąķčöą: 2 čē 4
     <-- ļšåäūäółą’ ńėåäóžłą’ -->

Ļåšåéņč ķą ńņšąķčöó:
ńźą÷ąņü šåōåšąņ | 1 2 3 4 






Ue i»eYIUaoYCo ei»E YaiINnUn »Y einUCY  UeY·CioiI µYI»nC µAY»iaUe»naoU UCcaoY»nC Y»nnUY NnoC EaoIUY N»iUE Uai»oaoUY»nA.
UE  ec µAY»iaUeC aEnA»uC eNUYUY Uaiian IaOUYanaCa a»iu  IeUC anaIC AUYINiiIaoU µYIC IaOUCo eioiI NaoUAC aY ao U»IaoAUaoYA:
i»EC NaoeEC IaOUYanaCa  µYIC e»IY UCcaoY»nC aA, anaYu, µoC IYaYnIY IaCiECo, yaY»nC UCcaoY»nCo ao µYIC NaoUACo, Y»neaoU »Y UY IaoiIiI ·aoUuA, anaYo nA»uY n»Y iniI , µUo »e Cn nioaEaoUA aC eio»E µYIC yaY»nC U»c: AYNYaon eUUµ -aoU, µYIUCY »YAIeaooiIuY»nC eiCYIY n·oUY aUUYY»naoU, IaUaoYCIoCaY UCcaoY»nC U»c IiniI Y»nnaoUY»nY aNaiaoU »Y inaoUY»nC CnIYoUY µnOn n·aoAUaoY  µnOnoYaoU »Y NEanY»nC eaenIUY anIA:
YIY , an IaCiE Y»nnaoUY»nC UaCeC U»I aNYcUaoYuY»nC »auaoU yCYYeIY »YAIeaooiIuY»nC  IeinUY IUI»naIY IeaooiIuY»nC n·oUY CnIY Nno»nai µOiaO µYI»nA NnInµn U»IoYaoU »Y NaoUAC IaCiECoUY YanUY NµACYY»nC UInIC ana Yi»oUY NiCY: eIUY µAY»i»n»nY Ue eaoUai aaCYa a»Y IanoYaoU, uYC µYIC IaCiEA  Yn IUaoY A Uia»e aNaiaoU  µAY»iaUe»nC aEnA»uY»nC UiIY µnOnoaoUA  N»ia»e CYi»eianC aai»YoCE »IUiµ»naoAUaoYA:
AY»iaUe»nC aEnA»uC U»IaoAUY in InaO »Y Cn»Yo »oaoAUaoYA ·anI»E Y µYIC NaoeECaoAUY ao a»nC A, CYaa»e Y µYIC IaOUCo Cn aiaYIY CE»nY»nC oYoC IiCi OianaoUA, anA, yaYUCY µaneUaoU µAY»iaUe»nC CYi»YeCi ncYeaoAUY U»c ao·IoiI, IuAYIC yaYUCY aoIUaoU µAY»iaUe»nC aEnA»uC uµU»IiCi OianUYA:

UeaCeai, nA»AOA»nC i»euai µYIUCY CYi»eiianUY YaiIY»nC NUIn·A neaniaoU  N»iUE I»na.
IaCiEC aNaYiIaoAUaoY  i»EoaoU,
nA»AOA»nC O»eu µ»naoU, anaYu ncYeaoAUY aUUYY»nCY NUaieEY InaO »Y aEnCY»E IYECIaoAUYA,
nA»AOA»nC O»eu µ»nUY UCcaoai Y»nAYoaoU »yCoCiUCY anYui»eIY»nC ao IeUaoAUaoYY»nC aoI,
»oaoAUY aEaniC AYEUYaoU  e»IYaoAUY i»nµEaoU, ea»IaoEUiCi EO aEnA»uY»nC iiYaoUY»nC UCcaoai aoIUaoU nA»AOA»nC aNYcnIC aUUYY»naoU:
nA»AOA»nC i»OµEUY ·anIAYAoY CnIYoiaoU  IUian NCUaoYuY»nai (µoeaoAUUµ a»iIY nA»AOA»nC): UY InaO  CnIYoi»E N»iUE »OYIY»nai.
) nA»AOA»nC µo i»OµEaoU YiYIY nA»uai µAYan·naoAUaoY IU aonUCY ieu,
µ) nA»AOA»nC I i»OµEaoU YEa»e NUiYC Y»nnaOY»nC YiYoYICY NUaieEY YiYIY
nA»uai nA»AOA»nC ieu:
 inIuaoU uin»nInU, a»iIY IeinUY UnUCYY»nA IU CniµYIY YOC In·iCI aoY»oaO O»eYnIaoAUaoYY»nY ao IUI»naaoAUaoYY»nA InaO »Y NY»e ·E ana»e nA»AOA»nC i»OµEUY »nEianY»n nA»AOA»n ·Y»Eao UCcaoai, CYaa»e Y YEeNUYiI AUI»iaoU aCnoiI nA»AOA»n ·Y»Eao aniianaoAUUµ:
nA»AOA»nC aoIY inµ»niaoU  UUaoe aoIY»nCo YE  ec Cn anYuC eYOYNiIaoAUaoYY»nai: nA»AaoOAA ea»oCyCI anYu , UCAUYI NY»e ·Eai ana»e e»IYaoAUY uµU»Ii, aniuUCY aniianaoAUaoY, »IUiC eioUY CniaoYu  »IUiC inUY aniianaoAUaoY: unCYI, OU-aoU e Ueun ·anIaoU  nA»AOA»nC §aane aoIY»nC¦ eIµaoYuA: ecCY aoIY yaYUCY µaneY , anY CnIYoYaoU  ·anInuY»n YnYaoU ·nYoiI nA»AOA»nC N»i: nInan aoIY UY niµaneUIY aoIY , aon CnIYoiaoU »Y ·anInuY»n µaneUaoU a·nYoiI nA»AOA»nC N»i: nnan aoIY nOUE niµaneUIY aoIY , aon CnIYoiaoU »Y ·anInuY»n yaYUCY µaneUaoU UCcYanY»nC IaOUCo ·nYoiI nA»AOA»nai, CeI aannan aoIY IaOUYanaiI  »aC CYeiCiaooCaYE UInIC Y»nnaOY»nA  ·anIaoU  NUIn·aUCY UCeYIY NUIn·ai eYo UCcYanY»nC: i»ncCY »n»u aoIY»nA OianaoU »Y nA»AOA»nC niµaneUIY ncYeaoAUaoYA:
nA»AOA»nC aoIUC NCUYIY ·anIeaoUAY»nY »Y.
Y»nnaoUUCY ·anIeaoUAA, UeCYuY AYEUYiI i»nninaoAUY  i»EYCIIY ecAYAoC NUn YNnA»i Y»nnaoUUCY NCUYnUY»nC OianaoUY ao i»OµEaoUA, e»IYaoAUY aEYoaoU nA»AOA»nC A»AC ICneUY u·YaoAUUµ, eCeI»nC i»nµEaoU IU N»cianaoU yCYYeIY IaCiEC eu ao ieuC YanNai,
§i»YaaonUCY IaCiEC O·aOaoAUY¦ ·anIeaoUAA, anA aoIUC eaoµU»IiY»nCY NYnianaoAUaoY  AYO»eaoU CnIYoY»E µnOn eCeI anaoYIaO ·anIaYY»n µnOn NaoUAC eioUY IYIECuai:
nA»AOA»nC aoIUC I·aoUA IaiI  einIY  iEeaoIY ·anIeYaoAUaoYY»nC n·oUY N»i: i»ncCYY»ne NYCeYaoU »Y ecCY nA»AOA»nC UaonNIY»nC  IaYaeU»YiY»nC ecoUY NCUu»nY ao naieY»nA: aoIUC N»i· n·oaoUA IaiI  µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC  a»iaoAUY UCeCaY ·anIaoY»aoAUY N»i:
nA»AOA»naoU IiniaO Y»nnaoUY»nA U»I a»nC NeY 19-n nC I»e»nCY: U AUYI nA»AOA»nC aoIY n»Y eiCYµn n·YaoU n  OianiaoU CY Yn NCUYIY UeYICoY»nA: eIµYIY ncYaoU nA»AOA»nC aoIUC NCUYIY UeYICoY»nA yCCIIY YOCYu CY NYOCYe in»U»n-YNiY»nC  µnau»nUCY iY iYun»YY»nC: UYaoN»i, nA»AOAUCY ·anIeYaoAUaoYY»naoU eIe»oCY Y»n·nii»E CniµYIY YOCYu: uCYYeIY aoIUC IeaooiIuA ·IYInUCY i»euai aiI»n»Yu N»iUE I»na (·IYIn 1).
-aoU nA»AOA»nC aoIUC NCUYIY UeYICoY»nY »Y. yaYUCY µaneY, anA CniµYIY YOC In·iCI aoY»oaO O»eYnIaoAUaoY  NCUYniI eNUYI aieEYiiaoAUUµ AYI»naoAUY IU µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUY i»euai,  eNUYiI anaIC i»OaoU ao AUI»iY»naoU, Cn IaOUCo NeiiiI IYaYY»nai, IUI»naaoU  nA»AOA»nC NnanIUCY eInIaoAUaoYY»n  IinaoU nA»AOA»nC ·YYaoU,
CYi»eiCoCaY AYI»naoAUaoYA nA»AOA»nC AaOnIUUµ, i»OµEUUµ, i»nieuai µOiaO  CniµYIY YOC In·iCI aoY»oaO O»eYnIaoAUaoY ,
CYi»eiCoCaY yaYA CniµYIY YOC In·iCI aoY»oaO O»eYnIaoAUaoY  NCUYniI eNUYI aieEYiiaoAUUµ AYI»naoAUY IU µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUY Oai, anY CnIYoYaoU  Y»nnaOY»nC nUIY UCcaoY»nC Niu·naoU  nA»AOA»naoU U UCcaoY»nC Y»nnaoU,
AaOnIUY IUI»naaoAUaoYA CniµYIY YOC In·iCI aoY»oaO O»eYnIaoAUaoY , anY nA»AOA»n AaOnIaOC IaOUCo ECaniI  IUI»na»Eao  CnIYoY»Eao nA»AOA»nC AaOnIaoU,





¶IYIn 1. uCYYeIY aoIUC IeaooiIuA


CYi»eiCoCaY EanNniiIY ·ne»YUIA O»eYnIaoAUaoYY , anY CnIYoYaoU  nA»AOA»nC AaOnIUY, i»OµEUY  ncYeaoAUY i»nµ»nUE EanNniiIY IeUaoAUaoYY»n,
CYi»eiCoCaY µnau»nUCY ·ne»YUIA O»eYnIaoAUaoY , anY Cn IU UE YOYo YaoYCo  NiCY CnIYoYaoU  nA»AOA»nC eaoIE,
YIE CYi»eiCoCaY µnau»nA YNi O»eY»n»o , anY Cn YaoYCo UE YOYo NiCY IU UE YOYo YaoYCo  i»ncCYY»nCe NiCY CnIYoYaoU  nA»AOA»nC eaoIE,
YIE CYi»eiCoCaY CE»nA YNi O»eY»n»o , anY Cn YaoYCo  Cn NiCY CnIYoYaoU  nA»AOA»nC eaoIE,
ECaniI einUCY  UeY·CioiI µYI»nA nA»AOA»nC i»OµEaoUA  i»nieuY CnIYoYaO µYI»n »Y [1]:
nA»AOA»nC eaoIEY CnIYoiaoU  i ·Y»nai nA»AOA»nC aoIUC IYaYY»nCY NUaieEY:


 1. 2. uUUeIU IiiU ieOU AUAooaoO IeiaO uUUeIU iIU OAaUA uCYYeIY ·anIeYaoAUaoYY»naoU AUYIC ·anIaYC NieaoUY CnIYoiaoU  iaIaeY»nC NinIUY »OYIai: iaIaeA AUYIian inUniI aO»nCo eioiaO »IUAiC µonOI U»IaoAUaoYY  niNUiiI nUIY UCianY»nai: i»·niI iaIaeY»nA U»IoYaoU »Y YEYIY IaCiEC ·aoUnA Oian»Eai i»EoiI nA»uA.
S = K + P, ani»O
S - i»EoiI nA»uC U»IaoAUaoYY ,
K – YEYIY IaCiEC ·aoUnA,
P – iaIaenaoUuY»nC ·aoUnA:

UY iaIaeY»nA, anaYu NinIiaoU »Y anaIC anµ»nIYaoAUUµ, IaaiaoU »Y CeIn»i iaIaeY»n: YIUCY anIiCIUaoU EUYan»Y ICneiaoU »Y Y YAYNi iaIaeY»nA:
A» YNnA»i  NinI»E inIiaoC (µYIC) »IUaoiA InAUI»i yCYYeIY Y»nnaoUY»nC ·Iai (UCYa 1 inC), a Ue »auaoU NCUu  AYaoYiaoU eaianIY IU einIY iaIaeC NinIA.
, ani»O
Pt eai - eaianIY (einIY) iaIaeY»nC ·aoUnY ,
P - InAUI»i yCYYeIY Y»nnaoUY»nC iaOaoAUaoYA` un»nai, t - iaIaeY»nC ·aoUnA` ini IiniIuai,
- AUYIUCY µY` un»nai (12 UCe x 30 un):
eIUY ·anIYIYaoU »nµ»UY ICneiaoU  ·nCi iaIaeY»nC NinIA, anC »auaoU ana»e AUYIUCY µ  AYaoYiaoU ini eioC un»nC ACiA (365 IU 366).
Pt·n 
Ue inµ»nIC ICneaoAUaoYA iECe  ·nCi nUaoYuY»n: anaIC AUYINiiIaoU iniaO iaIaeY»nC ·aoUnC Nnµ»naoAUaoYA µUCY IaCiEC ·aoUnCY, IaaiaoU  naoUu, anY CnIYoYaoU  »nIIC ·anIeaoUA. NYCeYaoU  YEYIY IaCiEC Ni»EC eNUYUY ·anICu  UCYaoUY AUYI yCYYeIY ·anIeYaoAUaoYY»nC »IUiµ»naoAUY NCUYIY aYC: in»IY iaIaenaoUuA anaiaoU  N»iUE µYOai.
 ani»O
 – in»IY iaIaenaoUuC U»IaoAUaoYY : in»IY iaIaenaoUuC NCUY in In»EC  ana»E Y U»I ini IU U»I inaoo aIe AUYINiiIC iaIaeY»nC ·aoUnA.


 Pt ·n 
iaIaenaoUuY»nai NinIiI iaIaeY»nA IaaiaoU »Y NIeCaiCi iaIaeY»n:
ieUY naoUuA NinIiaoU  N»iUE I»na.


 Pt·n

ieUY naoUuY»nai NinIiI iaIaeY»nA IaaiaoU »Y »IaoneCi iaIaeY»n: u·i·anI»Eai iaIaeUCY  NieUY naoUuY»nA, In»EC  ana»E IaCiEC i»EoiI nA»uC U»IaoAUaoYA InAUI»i yCYYeIY Y»nnaoUY»naoU:

Pt ·n  

Pt ·n 

IaYIn»i naoUuCo IEiI ·anIYIYaoU EUYan»Y ICneiaoU »Y CeIaYiianUY 2 i»eIY»n.
- UA»UiCIIY CeIaYiianaoU,
- µYIUCY CeIaYiianaoU:

OA»UiCIIY CeIaYiianaoUA NinIiaoU  N»iUE µYOai.



YIUCY CeIaYiianaoUA NinIiaoU  N»iUE µYOai.
k = S ; k = S uCYYeIY NinIY»naoU S – k = D U»IaoAUaoYA IaaiaoU  CeIaYi: unCYI. Coaou 60000 nU YiYIY nA»uai »aaCiUCY Niei·CnA iniI  1996 AiIYC NaoYinC 20-CY 1996 AiIYC »Ii»Uµ»nC 25-CY in»IY 75%-ai Uni»Eao aUUYai (YNYc inC):
YNnA»i  NinI»E NinIiI iaIaeY»nC ·aoUnA  aniuUCY aniianaoAUaoYY»nC UnUY ·aoUnA: UE  ec YNnA»i  NinI»E aEeaoAUY un»nC ·nCi uYIA.
11 un NaoYinCY + 29 un »ininCY + 31 un UniCY + 30 un anCECY + 31 un UUCeCY + 30 un NaoYCeCY + 31 un NaoECeCY + 31 un u·aeiaeCY + 30 un e»ai»Uµ»nCY + 31 un NaIi»Uµ»nCY + 30 un YaU»Uµ»nCY + 25 un »Ii»Uµ»nCY = 340 un:
¶aUaoAUaoY aoYC iaIaeY»nC NieUY 2 »OYI.
1. O·nCi iaIaeY»n, aEeaoAUY AUI»iA ·nCi uYIai.
P t ·n =  = 41803 nU

»aaCiUCY Niei·nC UnUY ·CYA.
S1 = 60000 + 41803 = 101803 nU:

2. eaianIY iaIaeY»n, aEeaoAUY AUI»iA ·nCi uYIai.
Pt eai =  = 42500 nU:

»aaCiUCY Niei·nC UnUY ·CYA.
S2 = 60000 + 42500 = 102500 nU ( + 697 nU):
IU »YAn»Yu eI  400000 nUC UaonNI 1999 AiIYC YaU»Uµ»nC 26-CY Uni»Eao aUUYai: OaonNIi»nA µYIaoU NieUY U»c  ·iYiaoU 1999 AiIYC u·aeiaeC 12-Co
135% NieUY naoUuai: YNnA»i  NinI»E UaonNIiCnac IaOUCo eioi»ECu ·aoUnA  CeIaYiC aA C u·aoi µYIC:
UE  ec NinI»Yu un»nC ACiA. t = 19 un u·aeiaeCY + 30 un e»ai»Uµ»nCY + 31 un NaIi»Uµ»nCY + 26 un YaU»Uµ»nCY = 106 un: u·ii»Eai µYIUCY CeIaYiC µYOCo NinI»Yu UaonNIUCY ·aoUnC U»IaoAUaoYA 106 uni NUn. k = 400000 x  = 400000 x 0,6025 = 241000 nU: eioiaoU , an UaonNIi»nA µYICo IeiY 241000 nU, CeI µYIA aniuC UnUY »auaoU 400000 nU, N»iµn CeIaYiUCY ·aoUnY C u·aoi µYIC IUaoU .
D = 400000 – 241000 = 159000 nU:

nInAUI»i yCYYeIY Y»nnaoUY»nC aUUYY»naoU IaCiEC YEYIY ·aoUnA / k/ aC aEiaoU, CeI i»EoiI nA»uA /s/ in»oinC i»EYaoU  iaIaeY»nC /P/ ·aoUnai.
S = k + P,
CeI n inCY»nC iaOaoAUUµ yCYYeIY Y»nnaoUY»nC »auaoU
S = k + n x P = k + n x x k = k x (1 + n x), ani»O
S - i»EoiI nA»uC ·aoUnY , n – yCYYeIY Y»nnaoUY»nC AUI»iY ,
P – iniI iaIaeY»nC in»IY ·aoUnY ,
- in»IY iaIaenaoUuY ,
K - eIµYIY CYi»eiianiI IaCiEC ·aoUnY , (1 + n x ) – eaianIY iaIaeY»nC i»EoUY µUnICaA:
Ue »auaoU UA»UiCIIY CeIaYiianaoUA ICnIYoiC  iaIaenaoUuC µUC in. k = S x  , ani»O n – in»IY iaIaenaoUuY  ieYanIY IaianIai,
 - CeIaYiUCY µUnICaY :
eI µYIUCY CeIaYiianUY µYOY aoYC N»iUE i»euA.
K = S (1 – n x d), ani»O
(1 – n x d) - CeIaYiUCY µUnICaY : eaianIY NieUY naoUuai CeIaYiianaoUA Ni»i  inIiaoC NUn, uYC an UY i»ncCYCe aNaiaoU  »IUiC anaIC a CeIaYiC i»euai:
A» NinIiI iaIaeY»nA anµ»nµn a»Y iniaoU inIiaoCY, UE UCYaoU »Y k-C (aniuC) eIµYIY ·aoUnCY, a i»EoiI nA»uC ·aoUnA NinIiaoU  µn iaIaeY»nC µYOai.

S = k x , ani»O
- µn iaIaeY»nC U»IoUY µUnICaY :

Ue µYOY UE I»na IaaiaoU  iaIaeY»nC IaCiECoaoU, CeI  iaIaeY»nC IaCiECoUY µUnICa:

n iaIaeY»nC µYOai eIµYIY IaCiEC U»IoaoUA In»EC  ana»E Y d NieUY naoUuai.
S =  , ani»O d – NieUY naoUuY , n – CYi»eiianUY inCY»nC uYIA: unCYI, Coaou eI  9000 nU YiYIY nA»uai »aaCiUCY Niei·Cn, anA a»iu  UniC 4 inC N»ia 10% iaIaenaoUuai: YNnA»i  CnIYoY»E N»iUE yCYYeIY NinIY»nA. ana»E Niei·nC i»EoiI nA»uA eaianIY iaIaeUCY  NieUY naoUuY»nai,
IU»E eaianIY iaIaeY»nai IaCiEC YEeIµYIY nA»uC i»EoUY aEY, ana»E Niei·nC i»EoiI nA»uA µn iaIaeUCY  NieUY naoUuY»nai,
IU»E µn iaIaeY»nai IaCiEC eIµYIY nA»uC i»EoUY aEY, i»nEaoIaoAUY »YAnI»E aEiaoC  aEeaoC i»eYIUaoYY»nCo IaCiEC nA»uC i»EoUY inµ»nIY»nC »IUiµ»naoAUaoYA:
= 0,1 S = 9000 x (1 + 0,1 x 4) = 12600 nU: d = 0,1 S =  = 15000 nU: eaianIY iaIaeY»nai IaCiEC i»EoUY NcanIYaoAUaoYA Y»nIUoY»Yu OUaoeIC i»euai (OUaoeI 1).
OUaoeI 1.
O»AaA iaIaenaoUuY»nai ieUY naoUuY»nai
inIUY AUI»iA %-Y»nC ·aoUnA i»EoiI ·aoUnA CeIaYiA i»EoiI ·aoUnA
n P = s – k S D = s – k S
0 - 9000 - 9000
1 900 9900 1000 10000
2 1800 10800 2250 11250
3 2700 11700 3857 12857
4 3600 12600 6000 15000




= 0,1 S = 9000 x = 13176,9 nU: d = 0,1 S =  = 13717,4 nU:
n iaIaeY»nai IaCiEC i»EoUY NcanIYaoAUaoYA Y»nIUoY»Yu N»iUE OUaoeIC i»euai (OUaoeI 2).

OUaoeI 2.
O»AaA iaIaenaoUuY»nai ieUY naoUuY»nai
inIUY AUI»iA %-Y»nC ·aoUnA i»EoiI ·aoUnA CeIaYiA i»EoiI ·aoUnA
n P = s – k S D = s – k S
0 - 9000 - 9000
1 900,0 9900 1000,0 10000,0
2 1890,0 10890,0 2111,1 11111,1
3 2979 11979,0 3345,7 12345,7
4 4176,9 13176,9 4717,4 13717,4




oaEiaoC i»eYIUaoYCo i»EC Ni»i  iaIaeY»nC U»IoaoUA an  µn NieUY naoUuY»nai, CeI aEeaoC i»eYIUaoYCo an  µn iaIaenaoUuY»nai:
1. 3. AUiaOeai IiiaO ¶aIeUaoAUaoUU ieaoOU ao Uo IOiaoAUU aaaoOA


nA»AOA»nC »nIni ncYeaoAUaoYA aoIUaoU aUUYianaoU  µAY»iaUe»nC ·Y»nC µUYaoAUaoYA, UeCYuY inµ»naoU »Y YiYIY (YaUCYE) ·Y»n, UCeCaY ·Y»n  aoIUIY ·Y»n:
AY»iaUeC in YiaoU  Yn YiYIY nA»uA, anA anaiaoU  µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUY IYaYnIY IaCiEA Nnµ»n»Eai AaOnIiaO µAY»iaUe»nC uYICY: AY»iaUeC YiYIY ·CYA NY»e  ·ECe ana»e nA»AOAC nA»uC aYC, UCeCaY  aoIUIY ·Y»nC anaUY YEaUUY:
UY ·CYA, anai O»eu  µ»niaoU µAY»iaUeA, IaaiaoU  µAY»iaUeC O»eu µ»nUY ·CY: A» µAY»iaUeA ·YiaoU  UCi»YiCo, a O»eu µ»nUY ·CYA IaaiaoU  UCeCaY ·CY /C·/, CeI »A» µAY»iaUeA ·YiaoU  U»I UE CYi»eianCo nA»AOA»nC »nInanUCY aoIUaoU, a IaaiaoU  µAY»iaUeC aoIUIY ·CY /C/: UCeCaY ·Y»nai IiniaoU  µAY»iaUe»nC ecYUCY i»OµEUY ·anIAYAoA: UY InaO  NUAYIY»E µAY»iaUeC YiYIY nA»uC N»i IU »Oi»E nYCo: uaYUCY µaneUaoU  niµaneUIY aoIUaoU µAY»iaUe»nA eaianµn CnoiaoU »Y aoIUIY ·Y»nai, an eNUYiaoU »Y ecnIC  aNYcnIC Nnµ»nIoaoAUUµ: ecnIC ·CYA /Ce/ eNUYaoU  ieaOA, CeI aNYcnIC ·CYA /CaN/ ·YanA: i»naNCUE »nIao ·Y»nC UCc »OI inµ»naoAUaoYA OianaoU  UnAY: OnAY (IU Y·E»n»YCo aEeiI §en»¦ i»nUCYA) ICneiaoU  nA»AOA»nC aoIUaoU ·anInuC UeYICoY»nC NYnian »IUiC ·YNiUY NUn: OnAUC NCUuaoU AYII  ·anInuC eioC IinUY ·CYA, UeCYuY µAY»iaUe»nC ieuC ·CYA, anA IaaiaoU  aEnA»uUCY (aoIUIY) ·CY: AY»iaUeC aEnA»uUCY ·CYA U»I aNYcnIC »auaoU InaO  Nieni»E ecnIC ·YCY, eIUY, ana»e IYaY, YnYCo oIn : ¶nyCIIY i»euai UY In»EC  Y»nIUoY»E N»iUE I»na.
ecnIC ·CY PaoI

/Ce/
UnA

aNYcnIC ·CY
/CaN/

 ieaO ·Yan
¶nyCI 2
.
aneUC EiYuUCY uni AYAouaoU µAY»iaUe»nC ieuC ·CYA InaO  aaEi»E: UY ·CYA, anai CnIYoiaoU  ecCY ·anInuA, IaaiaoU  µoUY ·CY, CeI i»ncCY ·anInuCYA IUY ·CY: uni AYAouaoU eNUYiaoU »Y µAY»iaUe»nC ei»E·aoUY  Yi·aoUY ·Y»n, anA µaneUIY IiCiaoAUY oaooYCY»nCo U»IY :
AY»iaUe»nC aoIUIY ·CYA n YiYIY nA»uC 100 nUIY UCianC NinIai, IaaiaoU  aEnA»u.

K = , ani»O

K - µAY»iaUeC aEnA»uY ,
CaoI - µAY»iaUeC aoIUIY ·CYY ,
CYi - µAY»iaUeC YiYIY ·CYY : unCYI, »A» µAY»iaUeA ieiaoU  2000 nUai 1000 nU YiYIY nA»uai, a µAY»iaUeC aEnA»uA IIUC. 
K = %:

UY oaooYCA, anY nioaEaoU  UC nu µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC µAY»iaUe»nC  UE nA»AOA»nC UCcCY ·CYA, IaaiaoU  µaneUIY CY»ue: i»ncCYe AaoUE  iECe nA»AOA»nC U»c Y»nnaoUY»n IinI YOYo ·YNi»E CYaa»e AYNYaon eUUµ yaYUCY aoIUC iCIA, UYa»e E e»IY IiCiY»nC NaoeECaoAUaoYA:
aneUIY CY»ueC NinIaoUY aoYC 2 NCUYIY aNYc.
NinIUY U»AaCIUC AYinaoAUaoY,
CY»ueUCY NiuIUaoU nA»AOA»nC AYinaoAUY aYCY»nC eNUYaoU:
noC ecCY UeC EaoIaoUA µiIYCY N»i : aneUIY CY»ueA NinIiaoU  UCcCY AiµYIYai.

, ani»O
aoI - µAY»iaUeC UCcCY aoIUIY ·CYY ,
aoI b - b-n YiYUUµ µAY»iaUeC aoIUIY ·CYY , m - µAY»iaUe»nC UY uYIY , anaYu AYiniI »Y µane-
UIY CY»ueC NinIUY NUn, n - AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC ACiY : unCYI, 1997  1998 AiIYY»nC NUn 3 µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC µAY»iaUe»nC i»nµ»nUE IY N»iUE iAiUEY»nA.
OUaoeI 12.
OUaoeI 12.
OUaoeI 12.
OUaoeI 12.
OUaoeI 12.
OUaoeI 12.




Yaa»e »naoU  OUaoeIaoU µ»niI iiUEY»nCo, ACi 1  3 AYI»naoAUaoYY»naoU 1998 AiIYCY Iini»E  µAYiaUe»nC i»OµEaoU 1 : 2 Nnµ»naoAUUµ (380 : 760  120 : 240): ana»Yu 1997 AiIYCY 3 µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC µAY»iaUe»nC UCcCY ·CYA AiµYIY UCcCYC u·YaoAUUµ.


1998 AiIYCY U oaooYCA IECYC.

 eIUY U U»IaoAUaoYA aC nioaEaoU µAY»iaUe»nC CnIY aEnA»uA, uYC an NinIC AUYI NiC aC eYiI ACi 1  3 AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC µAY»iaUe»nC uYIC eioC i»EoaoUA: U aieai yaYUCY aoIUC eioC iCIC anaUY YaiIai YNnA»i  CnIYoY»E N»iUE NinIY»nA.
 ana»eC µaneUIY CY»ueC N»nAIY NinIUY AUYI aIiniC ·YC §IeaoU¦, a µYOC NUinnaoU µAY»iCnIY AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC AiC aEn»Y Y»ne»Yu K ·anIICoA.
 nU, ani»OCo
K = :
aneUIY CY»ueC NinIUY NCUYIY EYCnA CY»ueUCY NiuIUaoU nA»AOA»nC AYinaoAUaoYY : YNnA»i , ana»eC uOiIuY CnIYoiC Y»nIUoaooaIY i»euai yCYYeIY IiCiY»nC UµaOc aoIUC i»eYIUaoYCo: AY anaoU, AYiniI UCi»YiY»nC uYIA Cy»n»YoiaoU  Aei UaoO»nC aoIUaoU nYo aoY»oI »oaoAUYA, »nInC iYi»eaoAUY NUn aoY»oI YYIaoAUYY ao UeiµUYaoAUYA NUaieEY: unCYI, eaoeeiYC YaoAUY anYu-NaoUuUCY µaneUC yaYUCY µAYC anO·»iY»nC IaOUCo UIi»E  aoIUIY iYi»eaoAUYY YoUY aUUYY»naoU yaYUCY aoIUC CY»ueY»nC NinIUY U»Aa: Y»ueA NinIiaoU  ana»e UY EUµUCY CY»ueY»nC UCcCY AiµYIY, anaYu »niianiI »Y Aei UCi»YiY»nC µYI»nC, CYi»eiCoCaY AYI»naoAUaoYY»nC, CYi»eiCoCaY yaY»nC IU ninIY UCianaoUY»nC.


     Ńņšąķčöą: 2 čē 4
     <-- ļšåäūäółą’ ńėåäóžłą’ -->

Ļåšåéņč ķą ńņšąķčöó:
ńźą÷ąņü šåōåšąņ | 1 2 3 4 

© 2007 ReferatBar.RU - Ćėąāķą’ | Źąšņą ńąéņą | Ńļšąāźą